16- Newmark departs from Nida’s rec

16- Newmark departs from Nida’s receptor oriented line and suggests two new
approaches to translation: “communicative” and “semantic” translation. What is the
difference between them and how do they relate to Nida's approach?
 “Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as c lose as possible to that
obtained on the readers of the original. Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the
semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the
original”
 The description of communicative translation resembles Nida dynamic equivalence in the effect it is
trying to create on the TT reader.
 The semantic translation has similarities to Nida’s formal equivalence.